Sewerage system - a set of pipelines designed to collect and remove solid and liquid human waste products.
Sewerage is a necessary element of the urban and agricultural water supply and sewerage system. Disruption of the sewerage system can worsen the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the area.
The pipeline connected to the general structure of the city sewage system refers to the centralized sewage system.
A pipeline built near a private house refers to the autonomous sewage system. The pipeline leads to a septic tank or catchpit. Particular organizations remove the guck.
The centralized sewer network is not necessarily urban. This can be a system used in conjunction with several private houses, commercial facilities.
A centralized sewer network can be:
General. When there is a common sewerage system, rainwater, meltwater, and wastewater from houses enter the same sewerage network.
Separate. When there is a separate sewerage system, wastewater from houses, and rain, meltwater flows into a separate pipeline. The sewage pipeline leads to the treatment system, while the rainwater or meltwater pipeline enters open water bodies.
The cleaning system of the centralized system is mechanical cleaning. Insoluble impurities are retained in sedimentation tanks. Accumulating effluents in the wet pit are supercharged in special devices for anaerobic fermentation of liquid organic waste to produce methane (methane tanks). To speed up the process, the sedimentation tanks are mixed. The released methane is used as fuel for the needs of the treatment plant, and the decomposed waste is used as fertilizer.
Biological treatment is the next stage in the treatment of sewage effluents. Natural treatment is the purification of sewage using microorganisms, which feed on organic pollution in the presence of oxygen.
2 types of biological treatment:
It is a storage tank where waste flows from the house.
When a catchpit is filled, the special organization extorts sewage from the catchpit once in several months. For the arrangement of the catchpit, it is necessary to consider the convenience of the pumping transport access.
A frequently used type of autonomous sewage system. This system consists of concrete rings that receive waste from the house. Entering the first well, the waste settles, heavy particles settle to the bottom of the well. Liquid particles enter the second well, in which the bottom is made of rubble. In the second well, crushed stone passes liquid particles into the ground. There can be two or more wells.
A special organization, approximately once every six months, pumps out large waste particles from the first well.
When sewage enters the septic tank, the sewage is filtered with the help of bacteria. The sewage is drained and absorbed into the soil without the danger of contamination of the environment and groundwater.
These septic tanks have several stages of filtration of sewage. It also has two reservoirs. The first tank is a biological reactor, in which activated sludge is separated from the treated sewage water, which flows into the second tank. In the second tank, nitrite breaks down into nitrates, which are less harmful. At the last stage, the purified, more environmentally friendly liquid is removed into the ground.
Substances that cannot be decomposed are deposited and must be pumped out approximately once a year.
Modern autonomous waste treatment plants can filter waste to obtaining technical water at the outlet, which can be used to water a garden. Separation of waste takes place with the help of particular aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. After that, the process of filtration of the liquid takes place. In the last stage of waste filtration, all bacteria are destroyed.
This system requires a permanent electrical network to operate the air and water pumps.